Nutrients & Supplements
B12
Vitamin B12
A B-vitamin essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin required for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and neurological function. It is unique among vitamins in that it contains cobalt and is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods. Deficiency is common among vegans, older adults, and individuals with malabsorption disorders. B12 deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and hair loss. Supplemental forms include cyanocobalamin (synthetic, most studied) and methylcobalamin (active, no cyanide conversion needed).