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COX-2 protein expression is upregulated by VEGF stimulation in intestinal endothelial cells, and curcumin effectively blocks this induction. Prostaglandin E2 production follows a similar pattern of inhibition.
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Source Paper
Curcumin inhibits VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells through COX-2 and MAPK inhibition.Cite This Figure
 > Source: D G Binion et al. "Curcumin inhibits VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in human intestinal microvascular e." *Gut*, 2008. PMID: [18596194](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18596194/)
<figure> <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/18596194/227.png" alt="COX-2 protein expression is upregulated by VEGF stimulation in intestinal endothelial cells, and curcumin effectively blocks this induction. Prostaglandin E2 production follows a similar pattern of inhibition." /> <figcaption>Figure 5. COX-2 protein expression is upregulated by VEGF stimulation in intestinal endothelial cells, and curcumin effectively blocks this induction. Prostaglandin E2 production follows a similar pattern of inhibition.<br> Source: D G Binion et al. "Curcumin inhibits VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in human intestinal microvascular e." <em>Gut</em>, 2008. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18596194/">18596194</a></figcaption> </figure>