説明
Diesel exhaust particles, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ground-level ozone, and volatile organic compounds interact with allergens to worsen allergic rhinitis. This figure maps how these pollutants enhance house dust mite sensitization and modulate allergic airway responses.
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Figure 3
Expert consensus recommendations address the clinical management of allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollution. This figure summarizes therapeutic strategies including pharmacological interventions and environmental exposure reduction.
diagram
Figure 4
Air pollutants generate oxidative stress in the airway, driving allergic inflammation through the Nrf2 antioxidant response element pathway. This diagram illustrates how pollutant-induced reactive oxygen species activate the oxidative stress cascade, contributing to allergic airway disease.
diagramFigure 2
DiagramSource Paper
International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggravated by air pollutants: Impact of air pollution on patients …Cite This Figure
 > Source: Robert Naclerio et al. "International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggra." *The World Allergy Organization journal*, 2020. PMID: [32256939](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32256939/)
<figure> <img src="https://pdfs.citedhealth.com/figures/32256939/119.png" alt="Diesel exhaust particles, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ground-level ozone, and volatile organic compounds interact with allergens to worsen allergic rhinitis. This figure maps how these pollutants enhance house dust mite sensitization and modulate allergic airway responses." /> <figcaption>Figure 2. Diesel exhaust particles, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, ground-level ozone, and volatile organic compounds interact with allergens to worsen allergic rhinitis. This figure maps how these pollutants enhance house dust mite sensitization and modulate allergic airway responses.<br> Source: Robert Naclerio et al. "International expert consensus on the management of allergic rhinitis (AR) aggra." <em>The World Allergy Organization journal</em>, 2020. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32256939/">32256939</a></figcaption> </figure>