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Leave-one-out analysis results assess the influence of individual genetic variants on the overall Mendelian randomization estimate for vitamin D and autoimmune disease risk. Sequential removal of each instrument helps identify potentially pleiotropic variants.

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![Figure 19: Leave-one-out analysis results assess the influence of individual genetic variants on the overall Mendelian randomization estimate for vitamin D and autoimmune disease risk. Sequential removal of each instrument helps identify potentially pleiotropic variants.]()

> Source: Sizheng Steven Zhao et al. "Associations between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: Mendelian randomization ." *Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism*, 2023. PMID: [37437450](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37437450/)
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  <img src="" alt="Leave-one-out analysis results assess the influence of individual genetic variants on the overall Mendelian randomization estimate for vitamin D and autoimmune disease risk. Sequential removal of each instrument helps identify potentially pleiotropic variants." />
  <figcaption>Figure 19. Leave-one-out analysis results assess the influence of individual genetic variants on the overall Mendelian randomization estimate for vitamin D and autoimmune disease risk. Sequential removal of each instrument helps identify potentially pleiotropic variants.<br>  Source: Sizheng Steven Zhao et al. "Associations between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases: Mendelian randomization ." <em>Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism</em>, 2023. PMID: <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37437450/">37437450</a></figcaption>
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