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ImmuneCited

Forschungsprozess

75 Abbildungen aus begutachteter Forschung

Alle Pelargonium sidoides Glutathione N-Acetylcysteine Astragalus Conjugated Linoleic Acid Curcumin Arginine Astaxanthin Cordyceps Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA) Zinc Quercetin Elderberry Resveratrol Vitamin D Andrographis Iron
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Figure 1. Chemical structure of quercetin.
Figure 5 Diagram

Chemical structure of quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is displayed, showing the hydroxyl groups on the flavonoid backbone that contribute to its antioxidant and anti-allergic properties.

Quercetin and Its Anti-Allergic Immune Response.

Figure 3
Figure 3 Diagram

Pathophysiological mechanisms shared between osteoporosis and sarcopenia are diagrammed, including hormonal, nutritional, and mechanical loading factors.

Osteosarcopenia: epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment-facts and numbers.

Figure 2. Phases and specific events of the wound healing process.
Figure 6 Diagram

Sequential phases of the wound healing process - hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling - and their specific cellular events are illustrated.

Nutrition and Wound Healing: An Overview Focusing on the Beneficial Effects of …

Figure 3. Structure and effects of curcumin on wound healing.
Figure 7 Diagram

Chemical structure of curcumin alongside its documented effects on wound healing, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, are presented.

Nutrition and Wound Healing: An Overview Focusing on the Beneficial Effects of …

Figure 1. The proposed mechanism by which astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and development and progression of diseases.
Figure 5 Diagram

Proposed comprehensive mechanism by which astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, preventing downstream apoptotic and inflammatory signaling cascades.

Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction-A Mini-Review.

Figure 1. Some of the molecular bases of resveratrol anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation induces the activation of several cell signaling pathways. The exact mechanism of RSV-mediated protection is not yet understood, but it was described that RSV int
Figure 5 Diagram

Molecular bases of resveratrol's anti-inflammatory effects are comprehensively illustrated, showing how inflammation activates multiple signaling pathways that are concurrently modulated by resveratrol through NF-kB, MAPK, and SIRT1 mechanisms.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Resveratrol: Mechanistic Insights.

Figure 1
Figure 1 Diagram

Multiple convergent pathways leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders are mapped, including oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and inflammatory cytokine signaling.

The many roads to mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroimmune and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Figure 5
Figure 5 Diagram

Gut microbiome composition alterations in RA patients and how dietary prebiotics and probiotics may influence disease progression.

Dietary Habits and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can Diet Influence Disease Development …

Figure 6
Figure 6 Diagram

Vitamin D metabolism and its immunomodulatory roles relevant to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis are diagrammed.

Dietary Habits and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can Diet Influence Disease Development …

Figure 7
Figure 7 Diagram

Nutrients and their food sources involved in RA development and progression are mapped, with asterisks indicating nutrients with less well-defined evidence for their role in the disease.

Dietary Habits and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can Diet Influence Disease Development …

Figure 2. Nutrients and their food sources involved in the development and progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis. * Nutrients with less defined evidence. TMAO: trimethylamine-N-oxide.
Figure 8 Diagram

Polyphenol-rich foods and their documented anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to rheumatoid arthritis management are categorized.

Dietary Habits and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Can Diet Influence Disease Development …

Figure 1. Chemical structure of (A) curcumin, (B) bis-demethoxycurcumin, (C) demethoxycurcumin. Structures were drawn using ChemSpider, an online free chemical structure database.
Figure 6 Diagram

Chemical structures of curcumin, bis-demethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin - the three main curcuminoids - are displayed, highlighting the structural differences that influence their biological activity.

The Role of Curcumin in Cancer Treatment.

Figure 2. Summarized effects of curcumin on cancer cells. Key: CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2; MMP-2, matrix metallopeptidase 2; MMP-9, matrix metallopeptidase 9; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; NF-kb, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer
Figure 7 Diagram

Summarized effects of curcumin on cancer cells are comprehensively mapped, showing modulation of CDK2, MMP-2, MMP-9, and multiple other molecular targets involved in tumor growth and metastasis.

The Role of Curcumin in Cancer Treatment.

Figure 1.Figure 1.Transmembrane orientation of astaxanthin [Transmembrane orientation of astaxanthin [1,9]. 1,9].
Figure 5 Diagram

Astaxanthin's transmembrane orientation is unique among carotenoids, spanning the entire lipid bilayer with its polar end groups anchored at both membrane surfaces. This positioning enables superior antioxidant protection of membrane lipids.

Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin.

Figure 2. Role of macrophages in the development of atherosclerosis.
Figure 6 Diagram

Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis development through uptake of oxidized LDL, foam cell formation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Astaxanthin may interrupt this process by reducing LDL oxidation and modulating macrophage activity.

Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin.

Figure 1
Figure 1 Diagram

Vitamin D's immunomodulatory effects extend to multiple immune cell types relevant to rheumatoid arthritis, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Vitamin D receptor activation promotes anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic immune phenotypes.

Vitamin D, Autoimmune Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Fig. 1. Proposed relative contributions of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources of ROS to overall cellular ROS levels in skeletal muscle during and in the minutes and hours following a single session of endurance exercise. mtTRS, mitochondrial tran
Figure 4 Diagram

Proposed relative contributions of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial ROS sources to overall cellular ROS levels in skeletal muscle during and after exercise are depicted. NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain are the primary generators.

Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights.

Fig. 7 A graphic illustration of the mechanism of Andrographolide ameliorating radiation-induced lung injury. Andrographolide inhibits Caspase-1-mediated Gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis in macrophage by preventing AIM2 from translocating into nucleus to
Figure 8 Diagram

Andrographolide ameliorates radiation-induced lung injury by inhibiting Caspase-1-mediated Gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis in macrophages. This schematic illustrates how the compound prevents AIM2 from translocating into the nucleus, thereby blocking inflammasome assembly and downstream inflammatory cascades.

Inhibition of AIM2 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by Andrographolide contributes to amelioration of radiation-induced …

Figure 5
Figure 5 Diagram

Neuroprotective and anti-fatigue properties of cordycepin have been demonstrated in preclinical models. This figure highlights cordycepin's potential benefits for neurological health and physical performance.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

Figure 6
Figure 6 Diagram

Cordycepin modulates immune responses through effects on macrophage activation and cytokine production. This figure presents immunomodulatory data from in vitro and in vivo studies of cordycepin treatment.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

Figure 7
Figure 7 Diagram

Anti-microbial and anti-viral activities of cordycepin complement its anti-inflammatory properties. This figure summarizes evidence for cordycepin's broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

Figure 9
Figure 9 Diagram

Preclinical evidence supports cordycepin's hepatoprotective and nephroprotective properties. This figure presents data on cordycepin's organ-protective effects in various disease models.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

Figure 4. (A) Possible mechanism of cordycepin for its anti-diabetic activity (B) Possible mechanism of cordycepin in regulation of fat metabolism in hyperlipidemia [47].
Figure 10 Diagram

Cordycepin may exert anti-diabetic effects through regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Panel A illustrates the proposed mechanism for anti-diabetic activity, while Panel B depicts cordycepin's role in fat metabolism regulation in hyperlipidemia.

Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic …

Figure 2. Chemical structure of the main xanthophylls present in algae [82].
Figure 6 Diagram

Marine algae produce several structurally distinct xanthophylls with unique bioactive profiles. This figure displays the chemical structures of the main xanthophylls present in algae, including fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein.

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

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