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Astaxanthin Abbildungen

12 Abbildungen aus begutachteter Forschung

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Figure 1. The proposed mechanism by which astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and development and progression of diseases.
Figure 5 Diagram

Proposed comprehensive mechanism by which astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, preventing downstream apoptotic and inflammatory signaling cascades.

Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction-A Mini-Review.

Figure 1.Figure 1.Transmembrane orientation of astaxanthin [Transmembrane orientation of astaxanthin [1,9]. 1,9].
Figure 5 Diagram

Astaxanthin's transmembrane orientation is unique among carotenoids, spanning the entire lipid bilayer with its polar end groups anchored at both membrane surfaces. This positioning enables superior antioxidant protection of membrane lipids.

Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin.

Figure 2. Role of macrophages in the development of atherosclerosis.
Figure 6 Diagram

Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis development through uptake of oxidized LDL, foam cell formation, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Astaxanthin may interrupt this process by reducing LDL oxidation and modulating macrophage activity.

Potential Anti-Atherosclerotic Properties of Astaxanthin.

Fig. 1. Proposed relative contributions of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources of ROS to overall cellular ROS levels in skeletal muscle during and in the minutes and hours following a single session of endurance exercise. mtTRS, mitochondrial tran
Figure 4 Diagram

Proposed relative contributions of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial ROS sources to overall cellular ROS levels in skeletal muscle during and after exercise are depicted. NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain are the primary generators.

Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights.

Figure 2. Chemical structure of the main xanthophylls present in algae [82].
Figure 6 Diagram

Marine algae produce several structurally distinct xanthophylls with unique bioactive profiles. This figure displays the chemical structures of the main xanthophylls present in algae, including fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein.

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

Figure 7
Figure 7 Diagram

Bioavailability and metabolism of dietary xanthophylls determine their physiological impact. This figure presents data on the absorption, distribution, and metabolic fate of algal carotenoids in biological systems.

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

Figure 3. Uptake, transport, and secretion pathways of marine carotenoids in the human body.
Figure 8 Diagram

Marine carotenoids follow specific uptake, transport, and secretion pathways in the human body. This figure traces the journey of dietary xanthophylls from intestinal absorption through lymphatic transport to tissue distribution and hepatic metabolism.

Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.

Figure 1. Chemical structures of common carotenes and xanthophylls.
Figure 2 Diagram

Chemical structures of common carotenes (such as beta-carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (including lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin). Structural differences between provitamin A and non-provitamin A carotenoids are highlighted.

Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction.

Figure 2. Overview of carotenoid metabolism with relevance to BCO1 and BCO2 enzymes. Carotenoids, found in circulating lipoproteins enter cells through distinct mechanisms involving various receptors and transporters, such as scavenger receptor class B ty
Figure 3 Diagram

Overview of carotenoid metabolism involving BCO1 and BCO2 enzymes. Carotenoids from circulating lipoproteins enter cells through scavenger receptor class B type I, LDL receptor, and CD36, undergoing enzymatic cleavage to produce retinoids and apocarotenoids with distinct biological activities.

Effects of carotenoids on mitochondrial dysfunction.

Figure 2
Figure 2 Diagram

Visual summary of the pathways and interactions relevant to the Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans, as discussed in the context of oxidative stress is a key contributing factor in neurodegeneration, cognitive ageing, cognitive decline, and diminish.

The Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans: A …

Figure 3
Figure 3 Diagram

Schematic representation highlighting the mechanisms underlying the Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans and their potential therapeutic implications.

The Effects of Astaxanthin on Cognitive Function and Neurodegeneration in Humans: A …

Graphical Abstract
Figure 2 Diagram

Graphical abstract summarizing how astaxanthin supplementation may improve assisted reproductive technology outcomes in patients with poor ovarian response, highlighting proposed mechanisms of action.

Astaxanthin improves assisted reproductive technology outcomes in poor ovarian responders through alleviating …