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Glutamine untuk Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression

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Glutamine is part of clinical immunonutrition protocols. Depletion during intense exercise is associated with increased infection risk. Supplementation may help support gut barrier integrity and immune cell metabolism during heavy training periods.

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Kesimpulan

            
            
Glutamine is part of clinical immunonutrition protocols. Depletion during intense exercise is associated with increased infection risk. Supplementation may help support gut barrier integrity and immune cell metabolism during heavy training periods.

            
            
        

    










    

  
Key Study Findings





    

        
        

            

                
                    Review
                
                
                
                
            

            
                Performance and altitude: Ways that nutrition can help.
            
            

                
                Dose: None
                
                
                vs: None
                
                
                Outcome: None
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: None

            
        

        
        

            

                
                    Review
                
                
                
                
            

            
                Importance of exercise immunology in health promotion.
            
            

                
                Dose: None
                
                
                vs: None
                
                
                Outcome: immune function
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: heart failure patients

            
        

        
        

            

                
                    Randomized Controlled Trial
                
                
                
                104.0 weeks
                
                
            

            
                Selenium and glutamine supplements: where are we heading? A critical care perspective.
            
            

                
                Dose: None
                
                
                vs: None
                
                
                Outcome: mortality
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: None

            
        

        
        

            

                
                    Review
                
                
                
                
            

            
                Exercise immunology: nutritional countermeasures.
            
            

                
                Dose: Vitamin C, E, glutamine, zinc
                
                
                vs: None
                
                
                Outcome: Immune function during exercise
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: Athletes

            
        

        
        

            

                
                    Review
                
                
                
                
            

            
                Exercise immunology: future directions for research related to athletes, nutrition, and the elderly.
            
            

                
                Dose: None
                
                
                vs: placebo
                
                
                Outcome: body weight
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: athletes

            
        

        
        

            

                
                    Observational Study
                
                
                
                2.0 weeks
                
                
            

            
                Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?
            
            

                
                Dose: None
                
                
                vs: None
                
                
                Outcome: immune function
                
                
                Efek: None
                
                
                None
                
            

            
            
Populasi: athletes

            
        

        
    







    
    

        
        

            

  
Key Statistics





            


    

        
10

        
Studi

    

    

        
800

        
Peserta

    

    

        
            
            ↑
            
        
        
Positive

    

    

        B

        
Peringkat

    




        


        
        
        

            

  
Referenced Papers





            

                
                

                    

                        
                            Performance and altitude: Ways that nutrition can help.
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        Nutrition (Burbank, Los …
                        2019
                        
                        11 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                            Importance of exercise immunology in health promotion.
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        Amino acids
                        2011
                        
                        45 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                            Selenium and glutamine supplements: where are we heading? A critical care perspective.
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        Current opinion in …
                        2010
                        
                        18 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                            Exercise immunology: nutritional countermeasures.
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        Canadian journal of …
                        2001
                        
                        72 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                            Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        Medicine and science …
                        2000
                        
                        262 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
                

                    

                        
                            Exercise immunology: future directions for research related to athletes, nutrition, and the elderly.
                        
                        
                            
                                Review
                            
                            
                            
                        
                    

                    

                        International journal of …
                        2000
                        
                        57 sitasi
                        
                    

                

                
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Dosage & Usage





            
mg = milligrams · mcg = micrograms (1,000× smaller) · IU = International Units


            
            

                
Dosis yang Umum Digunakan

                

                    
                    

                        
general:

                        
5-10 g/day

                    

                    
                    

                        
immunesupport:

                        
10-20 g/day during illness or stress

                    

                    
                

                
                

                    Batas atas: 40 g/day (supplemental)
                

                
            

            

            
            

                
Dosis yang Diteliti dalam Penelitian

                

                    

                        
                            

                                Dosis
                                Durasi
                                Efek
                                N
                            

                        
                        
                            
                            

                                None
                                --
                                
                                    
                                    Mixed
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                            

                                None
                                --
                                
                                    
                                    Mixed
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                            

                                None
                                104.0 weeks
                                
                                    
                                    Positive
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                            

                                Vitamin C, E, glutamine, zinc
                                --
                                
                                    
                                    Positive
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                            

                                None
                                --
                                
                                    
                                    Mixed
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                            

                                None
                                2.0 weeks
                                
                                    
                                    Mixed
                                    
                                
                                --
                            

                            
                        
                    

                

            

            

            
            

                Waktu terbaik diminum: Between meals or post-exercise; can be divided into multiple doses
            

            
        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Safety & Side Effects





            

                
                

                    
Efek Samping yang Dilaporkan

                    
    
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Generally well tolerated
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Bloating and gastrointestinal discomfort at high doses
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Headache (rare)
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ⚠
                            Contraindicated in hepatic encephalopathy
                        
    • 
                        
                    

                

                

                
                

                    
Interaksi yang Diketahui

                    
    
                        
                        
  • 
                            ●
                            Lactulose (glutamine may reduce lactulose effectiveness)
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ●
                            Anti-seizure medications (may alter seizure threshold)
                        
    • 
                        
                        
  • 
                            ●
                            Chemotherapy agents (consult oncologist before use)
                        
    • 
                        
                    

                

                

                
                

                    

                        Asupan atas yang dapat ditoleransi: 40 g/day (supplemental)
                    

                

                
            

            

                Selalu konsultasikan dengan tenaga kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai suplemen apa pun.
            

        

        

        
        
        

            

  
Frequently Asked Questions





            




    
    

        
            Does Glutamine help with Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression?
            
        
        

            Based on 10 studies with 800 participants, there is moderate evidence from clinical studies that Glutamine may support Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression management. Our evidence grade is B (Good Evidence).
        

    

    
    

        
            How much Glutamine should I take for Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression?
            
        
        

            Studies have used various dosages. A commonly studied range is 5-10 g/day. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.
        

    

    
    

        
            Are there side effects of Glutamine?
            
        
        

            Reported side effects may include Generally well tolerated, Bloating and gastrointestinal discomfort at high doses, Headache (rare), Contraindicated in hepatic encephalopathy. Most side effects are mild and dose-dependent. Consult your doctor if you experience any adverse reactions.
        

    

    
    

        
            How strong is the evidence for Glutamine and Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression?
            
        
        

            We rate the evidence as Grade B (Good Evidence). This rating is based on 10 peer-reviewed studies with 800 total participants. The overall direction of effect is positive.
        

    

    




        

        

        
        
        

            

  




            

                
                

                    
Bahan lain untuk Exercise-Induced Immune Suppression

                    

                        
                        
                            Vitamin C
                            B

                        
                        
                    

                

                

                
            

        

        

    


    
    






  
References

  
    
    
    
  1. 
      [1]
      Aline V Caris et al..
      Nutrition.
      2019.
      Performance and altitude: Ways that nutrition can help.
      doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.030
      PubMed
    
    2. 
    
    
  2. 
      [2]
      J C Rosa Neto et al..
      Amino Acids.
      2011.
      Importance of exercise immunology in health promotion.
      doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0786-x
      PubMed
    
    3. 
    
    
  3. 
      [3]
      Peter J D Andrews.
      Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.
      2010.
      Selenium and glutamine supplements: where are we heading? A critical care perspective.
      doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833617cd
      PubMed
    
    4. 
    
    
  4. 
      [4]
      D C Nieman.
      Can J Appl Physiol.
      2001.
      Exercise immunology: nutritional countermeasures.
      doi:10.1139/h2001-041
      PubMed
    
    5. 
    
    
  5. 
      [5]
      D C Nieman.
      Med Sci Sports Exerc.
      2000.
      Is infection risk linked to exercise workload?
      doi:10.1097/00005768-200007001-00005
      PubMed
    
    6. 
    
    
  6. 
      [6]
      D C Nieman.
      Int J Sports Med.
      2000.
      Exercise immunology: future directions for research related to athletes, nutrition, and the elderly.
      doi:10.1055/s-2000-1453
      PubMed
    
    7. 
    
  















    

        Penafian FDA:
        Pernyataan-pernyataan ini belum dievaluasi oleh Food and Drug Administration. Produk dan informasi di situs web ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk mendiagnosis, mengobati, menyembuhkan, atau mencegah penyakit apa pun. Peringkat bukti yang disajikan didasarkan pada analisis kami terhadap penelitian yang ditinjau sejawat dan tidak merupakan saran medis. Selalu konsultasikan dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan Anda sebelum memulai regimen suplemen apa pun.